Psychosis associated to Parkinson's disease in the early stages: relevance of cognitive decline and depression
Identifieur interne : 000443 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000442; suivant : 000444Psychosis associated to Parkinson's disease in the early stages: relevance of cognitive decline and depression
Auteurs : Letterio Morgante ; Carlo Colosimo ; Angelo Antonini ; Roberto Marconi ; Giuseppe Meco ; Massimo Pederzoli ; Francesco E. Pontieri ; Giulio Cicarelli ; Giovanni Abbruzzese ; Salvatore Zappulla ; Silvia Ramat ; Michela Manfredi ; Edo Bottacchi ; Michele Abrignani ; Alfredo Berardelli ; Autilia Cozzolino ; Claudio Paradiso ; Danilo De Gaspari ; Francesca Morgante ; Paolo BaroneSource :
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry [ 0022-3050 ] ; 2012-01.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease (PSY-PD) in its early stages, its incidence over a 24 month follow-up period and the association with motor and non-motor clinical features. Methods PRIAMO is a 2 year longitudinal observational study that has enrolled patients with parkinsonism in 55 Italian centres. A cohort of 495 patients with early disease stage PD (baseline Hoehn and Yahr score ≤2, disease's duration (median) 3.4 years) were followed for 2 years. PSY-PD was evaluated by means of a clinician rated questionnaire and defined as the presence of at least one of the following symptoms occurring for at least 1 month: illusions, hallucinations, jealousy ideas and persecutory ideas. Patients with and without PSY-PD were compared on several clinical variables, encompassing motor and non-motor features. Results The prevalence of PSY-PD at baseline was 3%; the incidences at 12 and 24 months were 5.2% and 7.7%, respectively. Longer disease duration and prescription of dopamine agonists at baseline were associated with the development of PSY-PD over the 24 month period. At this follow-up time, worse disease severity, decline in cognitive performances, presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety were more frequently observed in PSY-PD. Conclusions Psychotic type symptoms may occur in the early stages of PD although less frequently than in later stages. Beyond dopaminergic treatment, there are disease related factors, such as disease severity and the occurrence of cognitive and depressive symptoms, which may underlie the onset of psychotic type symptoms from the earliest stages.
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DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-300043
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Pontieri</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Ospedale Sant'Andrea, II facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cicarelli, Giulio" sort="Cicarelli, Giulio" uniqKey="Cicarelli G" first="Giulio" last="Cicarelli">Giulio Cicarelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Neurologia e Stroke, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abbruzzese, Giovanni" sort="Abbruzzese, Giovanni" uniqKey="Abbruzzese G" first="Giovanni" last="Abbruzzese">Giovanni Abbruzzese</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centro Parkinson-Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zappulla, Salvatore" sort="Zappulla, Salvatore" uniqKey="Zappulla S" first="Salvatore" last="Zappulla">Salvatore Zappulla</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Neurologia, Ospedale Umberto I, Enna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramat, Silvia" sort="Ramat, Silvia" uniqKey="Ramat S" first="Silvia" last="Ramat">Silvia Ramat</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Firenze, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manfredi, Michela" sort="Manfredi, Michela" uniqKey="Manfredi M" first="Michela" last="Manfredi">Michela Manfredi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Mantova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottacchi, Edo" sort="Bottacchi, Edo" uniqKey="Bottacchi E" first="Edo" last="Bottacchi">Edo Bottacchi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UO di Neurologia, Ospedale Regionale, Aosta, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abrignani, Michele" sort="Abrignani, Michele" uniqKey="Abrignani M" first="Michele" last="Abrignani">Michele Abrignani</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UO Neurologia, Ospedale San Biagio di Marsala, Marsala, Trapani, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berardelli, Alfredo" sort="Berardelli, Alfredo" uniqKey="Berardelli A" first="Alfredo" last="Berardelli">Alfredo Berardelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche and Neuromed Institute, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cozzolino, Autilia" sort="Cozzolino, Autilia" uniqKey="Cozzolino A" first="Autilia" last="Cozzolino">Autilia Cozzolino</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paradiso, Claudio" sort="Paradiso, Claudio" uniqKey="Paradiso C" first="Claudio" last="Paradiso">Claudio Paradiso</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Gaspari, Danilo" sort="De Gaspari, Danilo" uniqKey="De Gaspari D" first="Danilo" last="De Gaspari">Danilo De Gaspari</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morgante, Francesca" sort="Morgante, Francesca" uniqKey="Morgante F" first="Francesca" last="Morgante">Francesca Morgante</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barone, Paolo" sort="Barone, Paolo" uniqKey="Barone P" first="Paolo" last="Barone">Paolo Barone</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:2C91C9CEDEB7A5926BCC791D7875A0BDB9CF2502</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1136/jnnp-2011-300043</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/2C91C9CEDEB7A5926BCC791D7875A0BDB9CF2502/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000443</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Psychosis associated to Parkinson's disease in the early stages: relevance of cognitive decline and depression</title><author><name sortKey="Morgante, Letterio" sort="Morgante, Letterio" uniqKey="Morgante L" first="Letterio" last="Morgante">Letterio Morgante</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence to Professor L Morgante, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche, Università di Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; morgante@unime.it</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colosimo, Carlo" sort="Colosimo, Carlo" uniqKey="Colosimo C" first="Carlo" last="Colosimo">Carlo Colosimo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antonini, Angelo" sort="Antonini, Angelo" uniqKey="Antonini A" first="Angelo" last="Antonini">Angelo Antonini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marconi, Roberto" sort="Marconi, Roberto" uniqKey="Marconi R" first="Roberto" last="Marconi">Roberto Marconi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale della Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meco, Giuseppe" sort="Meco, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Meco G" first="Giuseppe" last="Meco">Giuseppe Meco</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pederzoli, Massimo" sort="Pederzoli, Massimo" uniqKey="Pederzoli M" first="Massimo" last="Pederzoli">Massimo Pederzoli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ospedale Civile, Vimercate, Milano, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pontieri, Francesco E" sort="Pontieri, Francesco E" uniqKey="Pontieri F" first="Francesco E" last="Pontieri">Francesco E. Pontieri</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Ospedale Sant'Andrea, II facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cicarelli, Giulio" sort="Cicarelli, Giulio" uniqKey="Cicarelli G" first="Giulio" last="Cicarelli">Giulio Cicarelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Neurologia e Stroke, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abbruzzese, Giovanni" sort="Abbruzzese, Giovanni" uniqKey="Abbruzzese G" first="Giovanni" last="Abbruzzese">Giovanni Abbruzzese</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centro Parkinson-Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zappulla, Salvatore" sort="Zappulla, Salvatore" uniqKey="Zappulla S" first="Salvatore" last="Zappulla">Salvatore Zappulla</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Neurologia, Ospedale Umberto I, Enna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramat, Silvia" sort="Ramat, Silvia" uniqKey="Ramat S" first="Silvia" last="Ramat">Silvia Ramat</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Firenze, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manfredi, Michela" sort="Manfredi, Michela" uniqKey="Manfredi M" first="Michela" last="Manfredi">Michela Manfredi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Mantova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottacchi, Edo" sort="Bottacchi, Edo" uniqKey="Bottacchi E" first="Edo" last="Bottacchi">Edo Bottacchi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UO di Neurologia, Ospedale Regionale, Aosta, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abrignani, Michele" sort="Abrignani, Michele" uniqKey="Abrignani M" first="Michele" last="Abrignani">Michele Abrignani</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UO Neurologia, Ospedale San Biagio di Marsala, Marsala, Trapani, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berardelli, Alfredo" sort="Berardelli, Alfredo" uniqKey="Berardelli A" first="Alfredo" last="Berardelli">Alfredo Berardelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche and Neuromed Institute, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cozzolino, Autilia" sort="Cozzolino, Autilia" uniqKey="Cozzolino A" first="Autilia" last="Cozzolino">Autilia Cozzolino</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paradiso, Claudio" sort="Paradiso, Claudio" uniqKey="Paradiso C" first="Claudio" last="Paradiso">Claudio Paradiso</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Gaspari, Danilo" sort="De Gaspari, Danilo" uniqKey="De Gaspari D" first="Danilo" last="De Gaspari">Danilo De Gaspari</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morgante, Francesca" sort="Morgante, Francesca" uniqKey="Morgante F" first="Francesca" last="Morgante">Francesca Morgante</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barone, Paolo" sort="Barone, Paolo" uniqKey="Barone P" first="Paolo" last="Barone">Paolo Barone</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-01">2012-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">83</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="76">76</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></series><idno type="istex">2C91C9CEDEB7A5926BCC791D7875A0BDB9CF2502</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp-2011-300043</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-83-76.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">jnnp-2011-300043</idno><idno type="PMID">21836035</idno><idno type="local">jnnp;83/1/76</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Objective To evaluate the prevalence of psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease (PSY-PD) in its early stages, its incidence over a 24 month follow-up period and the association with motor and non-motor clinical features. Methods PRIAMO is a 2 year longitudinal observational study that has enrolled patients with parkinsonism in 55 Italian centres. A cohort of 495 patients with early disease stage PD (baseline Hoehn and Yahr score ≤2, disease's duration (median) 3.4 years) were followed for 2 years. PSY-PD was evaluated by means of a clinician rated questionnaire and defined as the presence of at least one of the following symptoms occurring for at least 1 month: illusions, hallucinations, jealousy ideas and persecutory ideas. Patients with and without PSY-PD were compared on several clinical variables, encompassing motor and non-motor features. Results The prevalence of PSY-PD at baseline was 3%; the incidences at 12 and 24 months were 5.2% and 7.7%, respectively. Longer disease duration and prescription of dopamine agonists at baseline were associated with the development of PSY-PD over the 24 month period. At this follow-up time, worse disease severity, decline in cognitive performances, presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety were more frequently observed in PSY-PD. Conclusions Psychotic type symptoms may occur in the early stages of PD although less frequently than in later stages. Beyond dopaminergic treatment, there are disease related factors, such as disease severity and the occurrence of cognitive and depressive symptoms, which may underlie the onset of psychotic type symptoms from the earliest stages.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Letterio Morgante</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</json:string><json:string>Correspondence to Professor L Morgante, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche, Università di Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; morgante@unime.it</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Carlo Colosimo</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Angelo Antonini</name><affiliations><json:string>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</json:string><json:string>IRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Roberto Marconi</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale della Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Giuseppe Meco</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Massimo Pederzoli</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ospedale Civile, Vimercate, Milano, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Francesco E Pontieri</name><affiliations><json:string>Ospedale Sant'Andrea, II facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Giulio Cicarelli</name><affiliations><json:string>Neurologia e Stroke, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Giovanni Abbruzzese</name><affiliations><json:string>Centro Parkinson-Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Salvatore Zappulla</name><affiliations><json:string>Neurologia, Ospedale Umberto I, Enna, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Silvia Ramat</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Firenze, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Michela Manfredi</name><affiliations><json:string>Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Mantova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Edo Bottacchi</name><affiliations><json:string>UO di Neurologia, Ospedale Regionale, Aosta, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Michele Abrignani</name><affiliations><json:string>UO Neurologia, Ospedale San Biagio di Marsala, Marsala, Trapani, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Alfredo Berardelli</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche and Neuromed Institute, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Autilia Cozzolino</name><affiliations><json:string>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Claudio Paradiso</name><affiliations><json:string>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Danilo De Gaspari</name><affiliations><json:string>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Francesca Morgante</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paolo Barone</name><affiliations><json:string>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cognitive disorders</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Objective To evaluate the prevalence of psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease (PSY-PD) in its early stages, its incidence over a 24 month follow-up period and the association with motor and non-motor clinical features. Methods PRIAMO is a 2 year longitudinal observational study that has enrolled patients with parkinsonism in 55 Italian centres. A cohort of 495 patients with early disease stage PD (baseline Hoehn and Yahr score ≤2, disease's duration (median) 3.4 years) were followed for 2 years. PSY-PD was evaluated by means of a clinician rated questionnaire and defined as the presence of at least one of the following symptoms occurring for at least 1 month: illusions, hallucinations, jealousy ideas and persecutory ideas. Patients with and without PSY-PD were compared on several clinical variables, encompassing motor and non-motor features. Results The prevalence of PSY-PD at baseline was 3%; the incidences at 12 and 24 months were 5.2% and 7.7%, respectively. Longer disease duration and prescription of dopamine agonists at baseline were associated with the development of PSY-PD over the 24 month period. At this follow-up time, worse disease severity, decline in cognitive performances, presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety were more frequently observed in PSY-PD. Conclusions Psychotic type symptoms may occur in the early stages of PD although less frequently than in later stages. Beyond dopaminergic treatment, there are disease related factors, such as disease severity and the occurrence of cognitive and depressive symptoms, which may underlie the onset of psychotic type symptoms from the earliest stages.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.428</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 793.701 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>1</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1647</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5246</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>37628</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>244</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Psychosis associated to Parkinson's disease in the early stages: relevance of cognitive decline and depression</title><pmid><json:string>21836035</json:string></pmid><corporate><json:item><name>on behalf of the PRIAMO Study Group</name></json:item></corporate><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>83</volume><pages><first>76</first></pages><issn><json:string>0022-3050</json:string></issn><issue>1</issue><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-330X</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & 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Ltd</publisher><availability><p>BMJ</p></availability><date>2011-08-11</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>For PRIAMO Study Group see appendix 1 at the end of the article.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Psychosis associated to Parkinson's disease in the early stages: relevance of cognitive decline and depression</title><author><orgName>on behalf of the PRIAMO Study Group</orgName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Letterio</forename><surname>Morgante</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence to Professor L Morgante, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche, Università di Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; morgante@unime.it</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Carlo</forename><surname>Colosimo</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Angelo</forename><surname>Antonini</surname></persName><affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>IRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Roberto</forename><surname>Marconi</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale della Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Giuseppe</forename><surname>Meco</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Massimo</forename><surname>Pederzoli</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ospedale Civile, Vimercate, Milano, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Francesco E</forename><surname>Pontieri</surname></persName><affiliation>Ospedale Sant'Andrea, II facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Giulio</forename><surname>Cicarelli</surname></persName><affiliation>Neurologia e Stroke, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Giovanni</forename><surname>Abbruzzese</surname></persName><affiliation>Centro Parkinson-Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Salvatore</forename><surname>Zappulla</surname></persName><affiliation>Neurologia, Ospedale Umberto I, Enna, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Silvia</forename><surname>Ramat</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Firenze, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Michela</forename><surname>Manfredi</surname></persName><affiliation>Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Mantova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Edo</forename><surname>Bottacchi</surname></persName><affiliation>UO di Neurologia, Ospedale Regionale, Aosta, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Michele</forename><surname>Abrignani</surname></persName><affiliation>UO Neurologia, Ospedale San Biagio di Marsala, Marsala, Trapani, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Alfredo</forename><surname>Berardelli</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche and Neuromed Institute, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Autilia</forename><surname>Cozzolino</surname></persName><affiliation>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Claudio</forename><surname>Paradiso</surname></persName><affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Danilo</forename><surname>De Gaspari</surname></persName><affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Francesca</forename><surname>Morgante</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Paolo</forename><surname>Barone</surname></persName><affiliation>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">83</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="76">76</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">2C91C9CEDEB7A5926BCC791D7875A0BDB9CF2502</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp-2011-300043</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-83-76.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">jnnp-2011-300043</idno><idno type="PMID">21836035</idno><idno type="local">jnnp;83/1/76</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011-08-11</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Objective To evaluate the prevalence of psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease (PSY-PD) in its early stages, its incidence over a 24 month follow-up period and the association with motor and non-motor clinical features. Methods PRIAMO is a 2 year longitudinal observational study that has enrolled patients with parkinsonism in 55 Italian centres. A cohort of 495 patients with early disease stage PD (baseline Hoehn and Yahr score ≤2, disease's duration (median) 3.4 years) were followed for 2 years. PSY-PD was evaluated by means of a clinician rated questionnaire and defined as the presence of at least one of the following symptoms occurring for at least 1 month: illusions, hallucinations, jealousy ideas and persecutory ideas. Patients with and without PSY-PD were compared on several clinical variables, encompassing motor and non-motor features. Results The prevalence of PSY-PD at baseline was 3%; the incidences at 12 and 24 months were 5.2% and 7.7%, respectively. Longer disease duration and prescription of dopamine agonists at baseline were associated with the development of PSY-PD over the 24 month period. At this follow-up time, worse disease severity, decline in cognitive performances, presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety were more frequently observed in PSY-PD. Conclusions Psychotic type symptoms may occur in the early stages of PD although less frequently than in later stages. Beyond dopaminergic treatment, there are disease related factors, such as disease severity and the occurrence of cognitive and depressive symptoms, which may underlie the onset of psychotic type symptoms from the earliest stages.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-08-11">Created</change><change when="2012-01">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2C91C9CEDEB7A5926BCC791D7875A0BDB9CF2502/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jnnp</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jnnp</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</abbrev-journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-3050</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-330X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jnnp-2011-300043</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jnnp-2011-300043</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;83/1/76</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;jnnp-2011-300043</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21836035</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">76</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp-2011-300043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Cognitive disorders</subject></subj-group><series-title>Research paper</series-title></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Psychosis associated to Parkinson's disease in the early stages: relevance of cognitive decline and depression</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Morgante</surname><given-names>Letterio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Colosimo</surname><given-names>Carlo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Antonini</surname><given-names>Angelo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marconi</surname><given-names>Roberto</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meco</surname><given-names>Giuseppe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pederzoli</surname><given-names>Massimo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pontieri</surname><given-names>Francesco E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cicarelli</surname><given-names>Giulio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abbruzzese</surname><given-names>Giovanni</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zappulla</surname><given-names>Salvatore</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramat</surname><given-names>Silvia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manfredi</surname><given-names>Michela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bottacchi</surname><given-names>Edo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abrignani</surname><given-names>Michele</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berardelli</surname><given-names>Alfredo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cozzolino</surname><given-names>Autilia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paradiso</surname><given-names>Claudio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De Gaspari</surname><given-names>Danilo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Morgante</surname><given-names>Francesca</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barone</surname><given-names>Paolo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><collab>on behalf of the PRIAMO Study Group</collab><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>IRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale della Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ospedale Civile, Vimercate, Milano, Italy</aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>Ospedale Sant'Andrea, II facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>Neurologia e Stroke, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy</aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>Centro Parkinson-Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy</aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label>Neurologia, Ospedale Umberto I, Enna, Italy</aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label>Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Firenze, Italy</aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label>Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Mantova, Italy</aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label>UO di Neurologia, Ospedale Regionale, Aosta, Italy</aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label>UO Neurologia, Ospedale San Biagio di Marsala, Marsala, Trapani, Italy</aff><aff id="aff15"><label>15</label>Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche and Neuromed Institute, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</aff><aff id="aff16"><label>16</label>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</aff><author-notes><corresp><label>Correspondence to</label> Professor L Morgante, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche, Università di Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; <email>morgante@unime.it</email></corresp><fn id="fn1"><label>*</label><p>For PRIAMO Study Group see appendix 1 at the end of the article.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub-original"><day>11</day><month>8</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>8</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>83</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">83</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">83</volume-id><issue>1</issue><issue-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;83/1</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">1</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">83/1</issue-id><fpage>76</fpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>25</day><month>6</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>4</day><month>7</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2011, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="jnnp-83-76.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To evaluate the prevalence of psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease (PSY-PD) in its early stages, its incidence over a 24 month follow-up period and the association with motor and non-motor clinical features.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>PRIAMO is a 2 year longitudinal observational study that has enrolled patients with parkinsonism in 55 Italian centres. A cohort of 495 patients with early disease stage PD (baseline Hoehn and Yahr score ≤2, disease's duration (median) 3.4 years) were followed for 2 years. PSY-PD was evaluated by means of a clinician rated questionnaire and defined as the presence of at least one of the following symptoms occurring for at least 1 month: illusions, hallucinations, jealousy ideas and persecutory ideas. Patients with and without PSY-PD were compared on several clinical variables, encompassing motor and non-motor features.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The prevalence of PSY-PD at baseline was 3%; the incidences at 12 and 24 months were 5.2% and 7.7%, respectively. Longer disease duration and prescription of dopamine agonists at baseline were associated with the development of PSY-PD over the 24 month period. At this follow-up time, worse disease severity, decline in cognitive performances, presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety were more frequently observed in PSY-PD.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Psychotic type symptoms may occur in the early stages of PD although less frequently than in later stages. Beyond dopaminergic treatment, there are disease related factors, such as disease severity and the occurrence of cognitive and depressive symptoms, which may underlie the onset of psychotic type symptoms from the earliest stages.</p></sec></abstract></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><partName>Research paper</partName><title>Psychosis associated to Parkinson's disease in the early stages: relevance of cognitive decline and depression</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><partName>Research paper</partName><title>Psychosis associated to Parkinson's disease in the early stages: relevance of cognitive decline and depression</title></titleInfo><name type="corporate"><namePart>on behalf of the PRIAMO Study Group</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Letterio</namePart><namePart type="family">Morgante</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence to Professor L Morgante, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche, Università di Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; morgante@unime.it</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carlo</namePart><namePart type="family">Colosimo</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Angelo</namePart><namePart type="family">Antonini</namePart><affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>IRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roberto</namePart><namePart type="family">Marconi</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale della Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Giuseppe</namePart><namePart type="family">Meco</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Massimo</namePart><namePart type="family">Pederzoli</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ospedale Civile, Vimercate, Milano, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Francesco E</namePart><namePart type="family">Pontieri</namePart><affiliation>Ospedale Sant'Andrea, II facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Giulio</namePart><namePart type="family">Cicarelli</namePart><affiliation>Neurologia e Stroke, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Giovanni</namePart><namePart type="family">Abbruzzese</namePart><affiliation>Centro Parkinson-Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Salvatore</namePart><namePart type="family">Zappulla</namePart><affiliation>Neurologia, Ospedale Umberto I, Enna, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Silvia</namePart><namePart type="family">Ramat</namePart><affiliation>Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Firenze, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michela</namePart><namePart type="family">Manfredi</namePart><affiliation>Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, Castel Goffredo, Mantova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Edo</namePart><namePart type="family">Bottacchi</namePart><affiliation>UO di Neurologia, Ospedale Regionale, Aosta, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michele</namePart><namePart type="family">Abrignani</namePart><affiliation>UO Neurologia, Ospedale San Biagio di Marsala, Marsala, Trapani, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alfredo</namePart><namePart type="family">Berardelli</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche and Neuromed Institute, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Autilia</namePart><namePart type="family">Cozzolino</namePart><affiliation>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Claudio</namePart><namePart type="family">Paradiso</namePart><affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Danilo</namePart><namePart type="family">De Gaspari</namePart><affiliation>Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Parkinson Institute, Milano, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Francesca</namePart><namePart type="family">Morgante</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Scienze Psichiatriche ed Anestesiologiche Università di Messina, Messina, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paolo</namePart><namePart type="family">Barone</namePart><affiliation>Università Federico II and IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-01</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2011-08-11</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Objective To evaluate the prevalence of psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease (PSY-PD) in its early stages, its incidence over a 24 month follow-up period and the association with motor and non-motor clinical features. Methods PRIAMO is a 2 year longitudinal observational study that has enrolled patients with parkinsonism in 55 Italian centres. A cohort of 495 patients with early disease stage PD (baseline Hoehn and Yahr score ≤2, disease's duration (median) 3.4 years) were followed for 2 years. PSY-PD was evaluated by means of a clinician rated questionnaire and defined as the presence of at least one of the following symptoms occurring for at least 1 month: illusions, hallucinations, jealousy ideas and persecutory ideas. Patients with and without PSY-PD were compared on several clinical variables, encompassing motor and non-motor features. Results The prevalence of PSY-PD at baseline was 3%; the incidences at 12 and 24 months were 5.2% and 7.7%, respectively. Longer disease duration and prescription of dopamine agonists at baseline were associated with the development of PSY-PD over the 24 month period. At this follow-up time, worse disease severity, decline in cognitive performances, presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety were more frequently observed in PSY-PD. Conclusions Psychotic type symptoms may occur in the early stages of PD although less frequently than in later stages. Beyond dopaminergic treatment, there are disease related factors, such as disease severity and the occurrence of cognitive and depressive symptoms, which may underlie the onset of psychotic type symptoms from the earliest stages.</abstract><note type="footnotes">For PRIAMO Study Group see appendix 1 at the end of the article.</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0022-3050</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-330X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">jnnp</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jnnp</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>83</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>76</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">2C91C9CEDEB7A5926BCC791D7875A0BDB9CF2502</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp-2011-300043</identifier><identifier type="href">jnnp-83-76.pdf</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">jnnp-2011-300043</identifier><identifier type="PMID">21836035</identifier><identifier type="local">jnnp;83/1/76</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2011, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>BMJ</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><annexes><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype><extension>jpeg</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2C91C9CEDEB7A5926BCC791D7875A0BDB9CF2502/annexes/jpeg</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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